Management and control of communicable diseases in schools. The hemagglutination assay or haemagglutination assay ha and the hemagglutination inhibition assay hi or hai were developed in 194142 by american virologist george hirst as methods for quantifying the relative concentration of viruses, bacteria, or antibodies ha and hi apply the process of hemagglutination, in which sialic acid receptors on the surface of red blood cells. This not only threatens food security and challenges the livelihoods. But, if the serum of a person infected with measles. Monolayer cultures of primary, diploid, and continuous cell lines are the hosts of choice for virus isolation. Quantitative assessment of hemadsorption by myxoviruses. Influenza viruses orthomyxoviruses online microbiology. Various tests such as elisa, efa etc can be done to detect the presence of viral antigens in the patient blood or biopsy materials. The hemagglutination assay or haemagglutination assay. Quality cell cultures are available commercially and are conveniently maintained in the laboratory.
Pdf download for hemadsorption adsorptionhemagglutination test for viral. A quantitative hemadsorptioninhibition test was developed to estimate. The hemagglutination assay was the classical means to track down activity for erythrocyte crosslinking, first by s. Select the target conversion format, then upload up to 20 documents of supported input formats.
Mitchell in the venom of the rattlesnake in 1860, 87 then by h. Hemadsorption adsorptionhemagglutination test for viral agents. Ppt laboratory virology powerpoint presentation free. Distributed hydrological model calibration through. Uncomplicated influenza can include any or all of these signs and symptoms. Known amounts of a purified allotypebearing immunoglobulin are added to titration plate wells containing various antiallotype dilutions and allotype. Mar 21, 2019 innate immunity and inflammatory mediators.
Poor reproducibility of hai results from one laboratory to another is widely cited, limiting comparisons between candidate vaccines in different clinical trials and posing challenges for licensing authorities. Save powerpoint presentations as pdf files office support. Virus isolation via hemadsorption is a confirmatory test for asfv. Hemagglutination of chicken red blood cells, cell rounding sloughing in tissue culture. Micro haemagglutination test in a vbottom microwell plate.
Hemagglutination is used for the diagnosis of some enveloped viruses such as influenza viruses. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not. Elisa proceduresfigure 519a figure 519b modified from specter, s. In hemagglutination or hemagglutination inhibition assay, hia, or passive hemagglutination assay, pha, rbcs generally sheep, which have been coated or coupled with antigen thus called sensitized rbcs, are incubated with antibody and sample. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. Hemoperfusion procedure, blood, removal, pain, infection. African swine fever asf is a contagious viral disease that causes a haemorrhagic fever in pigs and wild boar, and is often associated with lethality of up to 100 percent. Hemagglutination assay of different influenza samples diluted from the left to the right. Had, ha, and ci are used primarily to detect noncytopathogenic effectproducing viruses within cell cultures. Hemadsorption and hemadsorption inhibition tests for rubella. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. Contents introduction purpose of virus cultivation virus cultivation systems tissue culture embryonated eggs laboratory animals viral quantification.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Hemagglutination inhibition test is widely used for the diagnosis of infection caused by orthomyxoviruses influenza, paramyxoviruses measles, mumps, mononucleosis, abrovirusestogaviruses including rubella, flaviviruses, and bunyaviruses. Similarly, detection of p24 viral antigen is the diagnostic method in case of hiv infection. A guide to utilization of the microbiology laboratory for. Every time a haemagglutination test is carried out, it is necessary to test the settling pattern of the suspension of red blood cells. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 662k, or click on a page image. General properties of viruses virology virology is the bioscience for study of viral nature,and the relationship between viruses and hosts definition of virus viruses may be defined as acellular organisms whose genomes consist of nucleic acid, and which obligately replicate inside host cells using host metabolic machinery and ribosomes. Lab of medical microbiology, department of medical microbiology and parasitology, shang medical college of fudan university.
Hemadsorption is the process of adsorption of erythrocytes to the surfaces of infected cells which serves as an indirect measurement of viral protein synthesis. People can view the slides even if they dont have powerpoint, but they cant make changes to it. Methods we investigated 81 consecutive patients median age 74 years, interquartile range iqr. Shell vials containing a monolayer of cells growing on a cover slip provide a virus isolation system that can be placed in the centrifuge and spun to enhance virus infection. This method relies on the specific feature of some enveloped viruses that can adsorb to red blood cells rbcs. Author summary influenza a viruses infect birds and mammals.
This involves mixing diluent with red blood cells and allowing the cells to settle. In this study, we standardized hai assay materials. The signs and symptoms of influenza can vary by age, immune status, and presence of underlying medication conditions. Hemadsorption when hemagglutinating viruses grow in cell culture, their presence can be indicated by the addition of guinea pig erythrocytes to the cultures. Microbiology module laboratory diagnosis of viral infections microbiology 480 notes fig. The first step in the initiation of the host response to the pathogen is the activation of innate immune cells, constituted primarily by macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and natural killer cells. Hemagglutination assay an overview sciencedirect topics. When you save presentation as a pdf file it freezes the formatting and layout. Passive hemagglutination test for detection of antibodies to. This method is convenient when testing allantoic fluid from a large number of embryonated eggs for the presence or absence of haemagglutinin.
Laboratory diagnosis of respiratory tract infections in. Pdf converter is a online webbased document to pdf converter software. Hemadsorption hemagglutination virus interference neutralization test plaque assay tcid50 assay. Reduce the size of your pdf without losing quality. A hemadsorption had reaction was demonstrated in rubellainfected cell cultures using erythrocytes of 1dayold chickens, adult chickens, pigeons, geese, sheep or bovines. Bhk21 cells were the most satisfactory for demonstrating had. Propagation of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus in.
The critical nature of the microbiology laboratory in infectious disease diagnosis calls for a close, positive working relationship between the physicianadvanced practice provider and the microbiologists who provide enormous value to the healthcare team. Summary mycoplasma pneumoniae is a unique bacterium that does not always receive the attention it merits considering the number of illnesses it causes and the degree of morbidity associated with it in both children and adults. University of nairobi isolation of viruses prepared by kennedy o. These viruses express a hemagglutinin on their surfaces, which bind erythrocytes of selected animal species. Hemagglutination, or haemagglutination, is a specific form of agglutination that involves red blood cells rbcs. Ppt orthomyxovirus powerpoint presentation free to. Cdcs specimen collection guidelines cdc pdf 8 pages detail how to collect tissue specimens, as well as upper np, op and lower sputum, bronchial lavage fluid respiratory tract specimens.
Transform jpg, png, bmp, gif, and tiff images to pdf. Seven different samples of influenza virus, numbered 1 through 7 at the left, were serially diluted as i ndicated at the top, mixed with chicken red blood cells rbc, and incubated on ice for 1 to 2 hours. Had occurred at 4c, room temperature or 37c, and at a ph of 6. General properties of viruses virology virology is the bioscience for study of viral nature,and the relationship between viruses and hosts definition of virus viruses may be defined as acellular organisms whose genomes consist of nucleic acid, and which obligately replicate inside host cells using host metabolic machinery and ribosomes to form a pool of. Influenza signs and symptoms and the role of laboratory. Stillmark, who studied seeds of ricinus communis in his thesis and called the active principle ricin. This property is made use of to detect infection with noncytocidal viruses as well as the early stage of cytocidal viruses. Laboratory diagnosis of viral diseases long jianer, ph. Oct 18, 2018 in the pediatric population, respiratory infections are the most common cause of physician visits. Hemoperfusion is a treatment technique in which large volumes of the patients blood are passed over an adsorbent substance in order to remove toxic substances from the blood. Adsorption is a process in which molecules or particles of one substance are attracted to the surface of a solid material and held there. Although many respiratory illnesses are selflimiting viral infections that resolve with time and supportive care, it can be critical to identify the causative pathogen at an early stage of the disease in order to implement effective antimicrobial therapy and infection control. A distributedthermodynamic model for energy and mass balance computation.
Microtiter plates have an array of wells to hold small volumes of reagents and to observe reactions e. Virus detection the presence of a virus in the in vitro assay can be detected by visible cellular changes cpe or hahd using red blood cells from different animal species, or combination thereof 28 days assay duration, or sooner if changes are noted. Convert and create pdf from various types of files like word doc, excel xls, powerpoint ppt. Standardization of the hemagglutination inhibition hai assay for influenza serology is challenging. Jun 28, 2018 the critical nature of the microbiology laboratory in infectious disease diagnosis calls for a close, positive working relationship between the physicianadvanced practice provider and the microbiologists who provide enormous value to the healthcare team. Passive hemagglutination test for detection of antibodies. In the publish as pdf or xps dialog box, choose a location to save the file to. Ppt coronaviridae powerpoint presentation free to view. If an animal is positive for asfv, the erythrocytes will adhere to infected macrophages. Nov 29, 20 the hemagglutination assay or haemagglutination assay. Haemadsorption definition of haemadsorption by medical. Standardization of hemagglutination inhibition assay for.
Paramyxoviridae and parainfluenza viruses authorstream. Attachment to the epithalial cells of the host through hemagglutinin. For the diagnosis of hepatitis virus infection, hbsag hepatitis viral surface antigen or hbeag hepatitis virus e antigens can be detected. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Click create pdf xps document, then click create pdf xps. Ha is a method of quantification for viruses or bacteria by hemagglutination. In the pediatric population, respiratory infections are the most common cause of physician visits. Red blood cell control in the haemagglutination test. Information on the incubation period and period of infectiousness or shedding of infectious pathogens is critical for management and control of communicable diseases in schools and other childcare settings.
Hemagglutination occurs when measles viruses and red blood cells are mixed see image a. Respiratory viruses free download as powerpoint presentation. Microbiology module laboratory diagnosis of viral infections microbiology 478 notes 54. Download as ppt, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and its role as a human pathogen. Nonimmunologic methods include histologic staining, electron microscopy, hemadsorption had, hemagglutination ha, challenge interference ci, and dna probes.
This study reports some cultural characteristics of the vw 572 strain of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus hev in primary pig kidney ppk cells, primary pig testicle ppt cells, secondary pig thyroid spth cells and the cell lines pk. The presence of virus in infected cell cultures can be detected by hemagglutination. Rsv most common cause of viral pneumonia in children under age 5 years but, may also cause pneumonia elderly or immunocompromised persons rsv spreads extensively in children during winter season rsv spread by droplets and direct contact virus very labile environmental surface up to 6 hours main portal of entry nose. Extract images from your pdf or save each page as a separate image. Western blot for hiv antibody there are different criteria for the interpretation of hiv western blot results e. The cells settle faster in vbottom plates and there is a. Refer to specimen submission for required documentation top of page. This document, developed by experts in laboratory and adult and pediatric clinical medicine, provides. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Aug 14, 2014 isolation of viruses and viral quantification 1. The rna enter the nucleus of the cell where fresh copies are made.
The 2nd sialic acidbinding site of influenza a virus. The antiallotype hemagglutination assay can be modified for use as a quantitative assay for allotypebearing immunoglobulin. Convert word, powerpoint and excel files to and from pdf. It is an easy, simple and rapid method which can be applied. In the absence of virus particles, rbcs precipitate by gravity to. This involves the use of a standard batch of allotypecoupled cells and an antiallotype serum. Hemadsorption of erythrocytes to cells infected with influenza viruses. Pneumonia mycoplasma pneumoniae diagnostic testing of. Specifically, hemagglutinin 5 ha, an envelope glycoprotein of some enveloped viruses, imparts this property. Hemadsorption hemadsorption of erythrocytes to cells infected with influenza viruses, mumps virus, parainfluenza viruses, or togaviruses. Extracorporeal cytokine haemadsorption therapy 6 lbihta 2017 methods the focus of this assessment was the evaluation of efficacy and safety of extracorporeal haemadsorption therapy in patients with sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome sirs, as well as its preventive use for pa. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that. African swine fever asf detection and diagnosis food and. After proper decontamination and purification, each clinical sample is inoculated into several types of cell cultures.
Virus cultivation purposes and methods virology online. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy performed on chicken sera with a neutralization titre of 180 diluted 1. To view this presentation, youll need to allow flash. After incubation, the degree of agglutination is determined. Instantly convert text documents, presentations, spreadsheets and images to pdf format with this free online pdf converter. Blood type can be determined by using antibodies that. Hemagglutination ha test definition of hemagglutination. Wait for the conversion process to finish and download files either one by one, using thumbnails, or in a zip archive. Summarythe phenomenon of hemadsorption is dependent upon selective. Hemagglutination inhibition hemadsorption inhibition 3. Orthomyxoviruses influenza viruses classification type a viruses cause the most cases of influenza in humans and undergo mutations more frequently than the other type viruses type b viruses are endemic in usa and associated with local epidemics. The disadvantage is that it takes at least 6 days to determine a negative result. A passive hemagglutination test pha was developed for detecting antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 hiv1 utilizing sheep erythrocytes crosslinked with purified envelope glycoprotein gp160 of hiv1. Serious infections requiring hospitalization, while rare, occur in both adults and children and may involve multiple organ.